![]() ![]() The sternoclavicular joint is a synovial joint. The first of these articulations is the sternoclavicular joint, where the sternum of the axial skeleton articulates with the clavicle of the appendicular skeleton. There are two bilateral joints where the appendicular skeleton directly articulates with the axial skeleton. There are also various sesamoid bones not included in the list, such as the largest of the sesamoid bones, the patella, which protects the knee joint, and important attachment points for the ligaments that allow knee extension. The appendicular skeleton is structured for a greater range of motion and locomotion generation when compared to the axial skeleton. There are also bony prominences and protuberances that serve as muscle attachment sites on the surfaces of these bones. ![]() These bones articulate with each other and are joined by a multitude of ligaments, cartilage, and tendons to form the appendicular skeleton. A single lower extremity contains 14 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), five metatarsals, seven tarsal bones, two leg bones (fibula, tibia), the femur, and the hip bone or coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis). Ī single upper extremity includes 14 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal), five metacarpals, eight carpal bones, two forearm bones (radius and ulna), the humerus, and the shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle). The bones that contribute to the appendicular skeleton include the bones of the hands, feet, upper extremity, lower extremity, shoulder girdle, and pelvic bones. Of the 206 bones in the adult human body, a total of 126 bones form the appendicular skeleton. The shoulder girdle and pelvis provide connection points between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton to where mechanical loads transfer. ![]() The appendicular skeleton is one of two major bone groups in the body, the other being the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is comprised of the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis. ![]()
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